If Conditional

Conditional Sentences 

Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second languange. Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word If. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tense. This usage is refferred to "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring yo something happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases these sentences are made up of an If clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "If" . 

There are three types of conditional sentences.

1. TYPE 1 (FUTURE CONDITIONAL)

The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

• IF CLAUSE         ⇒ Simple Present
• MAIN CLAUSE   ⇒ Simple Future

2. TYPE 2 (PRESENT CONDITIONAL)

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

• IF CLAUSE         ⇒ Simple Past
• MAIN CLAUSE   ⇒ Past Future
• WISH                  ⇒ Simple Past
• MEANING          ⇒ Simple Present (time signal Present : Now, Today, etc.)

3. TYPE 3 (PAST CONDITIONAL)

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

• IF CLAUSE         ⇒ Past Perfect
• MAIN CLAUSE   ⇒ Past Future Perfect
• WISH                  ⇒ Past Perfect
• MEANING          ⇒ Simple Past (time signal Past : Yesterday, Last week, two days ago, etc.)

READ MORE : 

https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/conditional/https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm

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